He walks through the discovery timeline: one asteroid known to humanity in 1801, Ceres, then Pallas in 1802. Pallas is the third largest in the solar system at 318 miles across, but noticeably more misshapen than Ceres. The difference comes down to mass and gravity. Ceres, being larger and more massive, generates stronger internal gravitational forces. Those forces pull the material into the shape that requires the least energy to maintain: a sphere. Pallas, smaller and less massive, lacks that gravitational pull. Its irregular form reflects a body that never quite achieved the equilibrium geometry that larger objects naturally settle into.